Is Standardized Testing the Best Way?

Students of Nan Hua High School gathering in t...

Image via Wikipedia

Most can agree that there is something wrong with the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act. The idea is that children won’t get further and further behind their classmates. The hope is that their abilities would be raised to others their age, but what is happening instead is that the standard is lowered to the least common denominator instead. Schools are required to be to a certain level by 2014, but it’s just not going to happen. There are few schools in this country that meet the criteria set by NCLB.

The question is, should standardized testing be the way to evaluate children? Every child learns differently — visual, kinesthetic, auditory — and yet they’re all being tested the same way. For those who need a hands-on approach, reading a question and filling in a bubble is not the best to evaluate whether that student understands the concept.

And that doesn’t even take into account those students with disabilities. These could be slight frustrations, such as dyslexia or ADD, or they could be serious disabilities such as cerebral palsy (and these students are required to take the tests just as much as mainstream students).

If we’re going to require testing for students in order to set a baseline of where the schools are at, then the testing needs to reflect the differences in the children. In the classroom, teachers don’t just use tests. As they’re teaching lessons, they’re walking around and evaluating students as they work on assignments. There needs to be a reflection of this in standardized testing as well.

What do Standardized Tests Really Demonstrate?

De Cito Eindtoets Basisonderwijs. 

Image via Wikipedia

It seems like every year there are more and more tests to determine a child’s intelligence, performance level and understanding of study materials. These tests are used by schools as a form of advertising and as a way to bar entry by all but the most “gifted” of students. Parents eat these scores up as if they are the end all, be all for getting their child into the top schools of the land.

But do they? In reality, not so much. Tests only acknowledge the fact that a student has learned a pattern and how to answer the question correctly. No standardized test can probe the intelligence and reasoning capabilities of an individual. And there are those who understand the material forwards and backwards, but do not test well because of restrictive answers.

Ultimately the problem with standardized testing is that it is inherently unfair. Those who succeed are those whose parents can afford to send them to better schools. Children who live in poverty, have disabilities, or are simply female test much more poorly, usually failing altogether. Unfortunately, the system is set up to punish these children as opposed to uncovering weaknesses and strengthening them.

Parents should start thinking outside the box and start demanding that the educational system stop relying on test scores. Get rid of No Child Left Behind as it has made the schooling system worse than it ever has been. Expectations of performance need to be based on how the individual is progressing according to their age and educational expectations, not a standardized test.

Understanding Standardized Tests

The re-drawn chart comparing the various gradi... 

Image via Wikipedia

It seems that the educational system is in a constant state of flux, We’ve seen the implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act, to the recent announcements of changes that will be made to that Act.

One thing that does seem to remain is the standardized test as a way to gauge both student and educational institution performances. In addition, how do we go about determining or interpreting the results of our students test scores?

It’s important to, first, realize that not every student will test at an above average level. And it is also important to be able to use those test scores to improve student performance.

Know which tests are being given at what times. For instances, some tests are standardized and given across the nation at the third, fifth and eight grades. Next, make sure you understand the norms of the test. An individual students performance is measured against the “normed” or baseline group. Your individual student’s scores can be interpreted differently depending on which norm the results are compared with.

Identify the reporting methods of the scores. These can be stanine, grade equivalents or percentile rankings.

Make sure you understand how the results will be used. Some school districts use the data as a measurement of academic policy or effectiveness. Scores of individual students should not be used to make decisions on remedial programs or other such programs.

Finally, understand that these test scores measure performance, not your student’s potential. The test basically determines how much a student knows on a particular date, but not about future learning potential.

Standardized Tests: What are they good for?

Every year students in the United States of America and all over the world are subjected to at least one standardized test. If it’s not taking the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) for college admittance, it’s engaging in the Exit Exam to graduate from high school. Although many Americans are accustomed to standardized testing, very few have questioned the purpose of such tests. What are standardized tests really for?

While the list of answers may be endless for the majority of society, the very elite and professionals say testing is used for curriculum decisions. According to education administrators the performance of students on standardized tests in one year determines the type of lesson plans that will be presented the next year. If a fourth grade class scores in the fortieth percentile in algebra in 2011, then the incoming class will more than likely be taught less difficult equations the following school year.

Regardless of an individual’s opinion about standardized testing, one has to admit that solely basing curriculum on a single test is both biased and irresponsible. It is unfair to students for administrators to dismiss all of effort contributed because of one bad test. What is the purpose in sending children to school everyday if big decisions concerning curriculum will be determined by a standardized test? Although standardized testing is an excellent tool that may be used in conjunction with other factors, it should not be the sole benefactor that decides if an eleventh grade class will be taught trigonometry next year.

Gifted Children Left Behind

With No Child Left Behind (NCLB) aimed at making sure all schools make the grade, schools had no choice but to focus on those students who were not doing well on standardized tests to help them improve. While there can be no begrudging a system that helps children who really need it, what about the system that ignores children at the other end of the spectrum?

America’s brightest children are struggling in classrooms that do not meet their needs as independent thinkers. They are tirelessly bombarded with rote memorization and multiple choice tests when what they really need are classrooms structured to give them freedom in their learning.

Many people assume that a child who is gifted is smart enough to survive and excel no matter what the situation within the classroom. This is not true. Gifted students often have social issues as well as problems with motivation and organization. Unfortunately, our classroom teachers have little time to deal with these issues considering the rest of their responsibilities.

One way to make sure that this problem is taken care of is to push the school administration to allow students to be advanced through schools a their own pace. So many times, parents who know what is best for their children ask the schools to help only to be told that nothing can be done. Some choose not to deal with the issue. Others decide that it would be better for the school district to have gifted students who can help raise average test scores in their original grades.

A common comment for parents of gifted students to hear is, “If I let your child do it, I will have to let all children do it.” This is not true. While any student who can pass an adequate test should be allowed to move ahead, every students who asks should not be allowed to skip grades. The only problem is when nobody is allowed at all.

End Of Course? Pass A Test!

If you are the parent of a school-aged child or have been paying attention to the debate over school reform, you have probably heard the cry “Teaching to the test.”  The concept, under which some people believe that teachers have begun to devote their instruction time solely to teaching materials covered by state mandated standardized tests has caused a huge divide among those hoping to reform our current education system. While nearly everyone agrees that our education system needs adjusting, not everyone can agree on which reform to implement. One such reform that deserves consideration is end of course exams.

End of course exams are just that: test that occur at the end of a given class. The concept applies primarily to math, science and English, but is viable for nearly every subject. In theory, students would take a test that covers the material taught during the class. A passing grade must be achieved in order for the student to move on to the next level.

This test would be in addition to the standard tests that are already administered at regularly intervals during a child school career. Proponents believe that end of course testing would force teacher to cover all material in a given curriculum, not simply the material that will be covered on the next standardized test. This would lead to better-educated students.

There is a down side as well. Opponents believe that our students already have enough to worry about – especially our high school students who must also prepare for SAT’s or ACT’s. Placing the additional stress of end of course classes might simply be too much.

Like all education reform issues, this one deserves careful consideration. It may be possible to implement a system under which our students are held more accountable for their class material without placing additional stress on them.

Changing Teacher

It seems that almost everyone has an opinion on how to reform our country’s education system. From NCLB supporters to home school gurus, the one thing we seem to agree on is that something is broken and it is time to make some changes. Perhaps the change that will have the biggest impact on our children is a change in the role that our teachers play. What would happen if we held our teachers to a higher standard? Expected them to become true leaders? What roles would they play in our children’s lives?

* Data Coach: The information age, technology and even standardized tests have given our teachers never before seen access to data. Tomorrow’s teachers will actively seek this data out and utilize to better structure their teaching plans.
* Mentor: Tomorrow’s teachers won’t just teach their students, they will also mentor new teachers, ensuring that each new generation of teachers is held to the same high standards.
·Facilitator: Educational opportunities come from more than just the classroom; tomorrow’s teachers will help their students take advantage of opportunities.
* Instructional Specialist: Everyone learns a bit differently, and tomorrow’s teachers will recognize this and will utilize a variety of teaching strategies aimed at reaching the most children.
* Classroom supporter: Tomorrow’s teachers will understand how technology, volunteers and traditional teaching methods work together and will fight to get their classroom the tools it needs.
* Curriculum Specialist: Instead simply translating the state standards into daily lessons, our teachers should be curriculum specialists, expertly blending content, curriculum and assessments into a cohesive teaching structure.

Above all, tomorrow’s teachers should be a catalyst for change. Change in our teaching methodology, change in our attitudes and change in the way we view education in our world. Tomorrow’s teachers will truly herald in a change.

Grading Teacher

Almost everyone with a vested interest in our educational system believes that one of the core reforms we need is in regards to teacher effectiveness. NCLB states that all classrooms must have a “highly professional” teacher, without defining what that means. To parents, an effective teacher is able to educate their children. To administrators, effective teachers have students that score high on standardized testing. To students, fun teachers are the most effective. The question becomes how do we implement an evaluation system that will help use create the most effective teachers if we do so at all.

We must first recognize the point of such evaluations. Failure to do so may cause more problems then having no system in place at all. For example, we must educate our teachers and administrators the value such evaluations have. Our parents must understand what the ranking system is, what qualities are evaluated and how to read them. Only by clearly defining the evaluations and rankings will we be able to create change by their implementation.

Next, some standard must be set for what qualities we are evaluating. While standardized test scores and student reviews should play some role, there are other areas to consider as well. Examples include teachers who continue their education and teachers who take on additional responsibilities such as mentoring or curriculum building.

Finally, we must consider who will perform and compile the evaluations. Finding an impartial party may be the best idea but may also be unfeasible.

Some teachers and teacher groups worry that implementing a system of evaluations may make tenure pointless, but maybe that is the point of this entire exercise. Why keep tenured teachers on the payroll if they are not as effective as they should be? This topic is likely to remain a hotly debated item as NCLB is reevaluated itself.

Learning At Home

While the reasons behind home schooling vary, there is no denying that it is on the rise. In 2007, more than 1.5 million students were taught at home. This represents nearly a 75% increase since 1999. Many attribute this rise to the implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2002 while others site moral or religious reasons. No matter why there has been an increase, it is important to note that the rules governing home schooling have changed as well.

Students that are home schooled are expected to cover the same material as students in traditional schools. This is sometimes handled through the use of a teacher or administrator who explains guidelines, follows progress and arranges for standardized tests. In many cases the students are effectively taught by a family member, although older students often use virtual classrooms, effectively self-teaching. There are many home-schooling organizations throughout the country that help parents and students successfully complete home schooling and graduation.

There are opponents to the idea of home schooling. Some teachers and administrators believe that there is no effective way to home school. They often cite the lack of interaction with social peers and believe that an important part of the education process is socialization. There is, of course, concern about academic quality as well. It is interesting to note, however, that home-schooled students typically score high on standardized tests. It may be that the most vocal critics are more concerned with the lost of potential funding for a school as more and more students turn to home schooling.

Home schooling is a personal choice, but it can also be a valid one. With the proper oversight, students who are home schooled can walk away from their high school experience with as good, if not better, an education that students who attend public schools.

Problems and Issues with the No Child Left Behind Act

Then-President George W. Bush signs the No Chi...
Image via Wikipedia

In 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act was championed as the solution for the many failures of the American school system. With its basis on standardized methods of learning for all students, the hope was that a uniform comprehension of essential concepts could be achieved by all students, regardless of economic situation, race, or ethnicity.

However, No Child Left Behind was eventually shown to have several shortcomings that ultimately thwarted the process of true learning in favor of “teaching to the test” in an effort to ensure that students could master the concepts that they’d be quizzed about in a test environment, with no promise that they’d actually retained any skills that would help them succeed in life.

It was soon discovered that the implementation of the Act would require large amounts of funding that many school districts simply were not able to access. An endless cycle began when already under-funded schools had their state funding cut, but were warned that they must continue to comply with all federal mandated standards, or risk losing federal funding. To compensate, many schools were forced to cut back on their funding to subjects that were not tested through No Child Left Behind, such as music, art and foreign language studies.

Additionally, each state can write its own standardized version of the No Child Left Behind tests, enabling them to cater to areas of known weakness. In a constant effort to achieve satisfactory test scores and receive a steady flow of federal funding, schools have focused on adjusting the curriculum subjects in ways that will produce high test scores, rather than fostering the constant learning of essential concepts.

Educational reform will be a long process that takes patience and hard work to achieve, but advocates are hopeful that a system can be put in place that emphasizes genuine learning over standardized test scores.